A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior.
Corporate default probability is high. Source: Coface Thank you for submitting. Which of the following best describes you? What is your main purpose for visiting globalEDGE? My main purpose is There were new regulations that encroached on non-governmental organizations that were funded by the West.
However, in general, he was strongly interested in attracting investment to Russia. He just tried to balance the two. So, again, he was able to balance that up until the same turning points, first and , and then Was he anti-liberal?
Well, as far as the economy was concerned, during his first term, and I would say his second term, no. Was he anti-Western? Partly so, but Russia still remained quite open. And, if we talk about the media, Putin moved very early in his first Presidential term to take the national television channels under his control. Following the protests in and , niche liberal media for the first time came under pressure.
I would not say this was horrible pressure. People who worked there were not terribly harassed. But they were manipulated. There were a variety of ways Putin was acting, mostly through the owners of those media outlets rather than persecuting or prosecuting individual editors or journalists. There was one more turning point. The Putin of or Putin of , when he started his third term after a four-year break, when Dmitry Medvedev had been President, was a different leader from the one that he was at the beginning of his Presidential career, in the two-thousands.
Do you view that as him personally changing in some way? Or do you think the changes in the way he governs were more due to the different circumstances Russia faced? So think of the experience that he has gained over time. During the twenty years that he has been in power, Russia went through terrorist attacks, the war in Chechnya, natural calamities, technological catastrophes, mass protests, and he coped with all those. Not wanting to keep the vast majority of people in fear would certainly be another thing that distinguishes him from many other strongmen.
Turkey holds a very alarming record of keeping a lot of journalists in jail. There has been an emergence of new communication methods, of online communications of various sorts, and, of course, we have a lot of those in Russia.
The media scene in Russia today has become even more vibrant. They are still engaged in investigative reporting and are working quite professionally. Working for these outlets is a bit risky, but the risk is not that the government will put you in jail. And, by alternative, I mean alternative to the government point of view. Of course, sadly, journalists have been killed in Russia. What happens in Russia, and unfortunately has happened quite a few times, is people with big clout—with big money, big power—settling scores with journalists whom they see as their adversaries.
Putin is responsible for creating an atmosphere in the country in which such people can settle scores with their adversaries and get away with it. And he prefers it to be that way. Many years ago, one of his trusted journalists reported that he said he wanted it to be so that there will be less freedom, but not much fear, either.
Whether he indeed said that, because the journalist who reported this quote may have embellished it a little bit, I think that actually renders the gist of it.
The government has become more repressive. However, this has not turned Russia into a country where everyone lives in fear. I would say that, actually, compared to the Soviet period—and as a person of a certain age, I can compare it easily with the way it felt in the seventies and early eighties in Russia—I would say Russian people have a great deal more capacity for private pursuits of various sorts, as long as they are not political, in academics, in art, in literature.
Politics, of course, is understood rather broadly in Russia. The State Duma is composed of members, who are elected for terms of five years. The Federation Council consists of two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation. One representative represents the legislative branches of the constituent entities, and the other represents the executives of those entities. The Constitution of the Russian Federation also establishes a judicial branch that is supposed to act independently of the executive and legislative branches of government.
The Russian President also appoints the judges of the federal courts. The economy was contracting, so many Russians found themselves poor and destitute. Nevertheless, Russia was emerging as a vibrant, multiparty democracy. That is, until shortly after the turn of the century. Putin gained popular support for his actions in Chechnya after he became prime minister in the summer of This popular support paved the way for his ability to make gradual changes to the operations of the Russian government over the years that followed.
Arguably the first step Putin took to consolidate his power came in , when the Russian government took over ORT and NTV, two of the most popular independent media outlets in the country. Thus, he became prime minister once more until , when he was allowed to run for the Presidency again.
Between and , it was generally assumed that even though another person was serving as the president, the real power remained with Putin. In , Putin again won the presidential election. He then had the constitution amended to add an extra two years to his four-year term, so that he could remain president until when he was then elected to a second term. Thus, he can remain in power until Some, however, believe that he will seek to amend the constitution so that he can rule beyond the end of his second consecutive term.
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