As an eyewitness founder of urban geography, drawing detailed maps and diagrams to make his writing vivid and persuasive, he was at the cutting edge. And so Engels poses more questions today for us than we can instantly answer, given the billions of people living in slums across the world that Mike Davis and other urban geographers, radical architects and global campaigners have pictured for us and exhaustively analysed.
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Terrell Carver , University of Bristol. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman who lived from to His collection of work done with Karl Marx laid the groundwork for modern communism.
Engels and Marx wrote and published many articles and books together that attempted to expose the uneven distribution of wealth gained during the Industrial Revolution. Their writings see capitalism as an exploitative system that benefits the owners of land, capital, and means of production more than the workforce.
Specifically, Engels and Marx claimed that the surplus value created by workers in excess of wages produced significant profits for owners of capital—a central theme in Engel's contributions to modern communism.
Friedrich Engels was born on November 20, , in Prussia, or what is now Germany. He was the eldest son of a wealthy textile manufacturer Friedrich Sr. At an early age, Engels developed a profound sense of cynicism toward major societal institutions like religion. He was opposed to organized religion and capitalism , much of which was influenced by the writings of German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
These unorthodox beliefs placed a significant strain on his relationship with his parents. They grew concerned by his radical ideology but still expected he would follow Friedrich Sr. At 22, Engels was sent to a manufacturing center in Manchester to become well-versed in the family business.
It was here that Engels grew more engrossed with socialism and met Karl Marx for the first time. Together, Marx and Engels would produce many pieces of work critiquing capitalism and developing an alternative economic system in communism. Harmless Lovers? Gender, Theory and Personal Relationship. London: Routledge, ; Lindsay German. Frederick Engels: life of a revolutionary.
International Socialism Journal 65 ; W. The Life of Friedrich Engels. London: Frank Cass, ; W. London: Frank Cass, ; Tristram Hunt. London: Penguin, ; Sarah Irving. Frederick Engels in Manchester. Mary Burns. Salford: Working Class Movement Library, Mike Dash is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.
Before Smithsonian. Portrait of a young revolutionary: Friedrich Engels at age 21, in , the year he moved to Manchester—and the year before he met Mary Burns. Manchester in , the year Engels left the city he had lived in for 28 years.
It was the largest industrial town in England and a noted center of the profitable cotton trade. Public Domain To answer these questions, we need to see Engels not as he was toward the end of his long life, the heavily bearded grand old man of international socialism, but as he was at its beginning. Lizzie lived with Engels after her sister died, and married him a day before she herself died.
Mary died in , and Engels would later begin a relationship with her sister, Lizzy. For many years he had been living a double life, contributing to capitalist oppression during the day and working to bring about a communist revolution by night. In he was able to sell his stake in the company and retire, financially independent and able to spend all his time writing radical articles and working with Marx on books. Engels moved to London in to be closer to Marx for this purpose.
He also continued to publish his own work, including The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State in Friedrich Engels died of cancer in He is now recognised as one of the founding fathers of Marxist communism and was venerated in communist countries like the USSR. Born in to a wealthy German family, Friedrich Engels as a young man was moved by the plight of the working poor as a result of industrialisation.
While on military service in Berlin, he became a communist. Around this time, Engels also became a close friend and collaborator of Karl Marx, another German communist. The two encouraged and took part in revolutions against the German establishment in , but when these failed they were forced to flee to England.
Here Engels returned to work at the factory so that he could send Marx money and enable him to continue writing. Eventually, Engels was able to retire from the business with enough money to devote the rest of his life to writing. His work was hugely influential in inspiring later communists like Lenin in their own revolutionary activities.
His father, also called Friedrich, was a wealthy factory owner and expected his son to join the family business. The young Engels developed an interest in revolutionary writings and became a follower of the philosopher Hegel, who wrote that real change could only come through conflict. Engels took his first steps in journalism while also working in an export office in Bremen.
He wrote under a pseudonym so that his radical articles did not embarrass his family.
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