BlueCross and BlueShield of Texas. Brevard, S. The Journal of Trauma. The authors retrospectively reviewed their hospital's disaster plan and compared it with actual events that occurred after Hurricane Katrina. They evaluated and scored vital support areas as adequate 3 pts , partially adequate 2 pts , or inadequate 1 pt , with the following results: water The authors concluded that, despite writing and exercising plans, the hospital was still not fully prepared.
Caspers, C. This article demonstrates the usefulness and diverse population base that can be cared for by an emergency department ED Observation Unit. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Hurricanes. This website contains links to all hurricane-related MMWRs, including valuable epidemiologic information from multiple hurricanes, mold-related and other post-hurricane illnesses and injuries, and longer-term health effects.
Dorsey, D. Southern Medical Journal. The authors share how lessons learned in patient movement and other planning and response capabilities have been incorporated since Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Health Care in Puerto Rico and the U. This document provides an overview of the status of the recovery in Puerto Rico and the U.
Virgin islands six months after Hurricanes Irma and Maria, with a focus on the health care systems and health needs of residents. It builds on earlier work that examined how residents in Puerto Rico were faring two months after the hurricanes, and key issues for recovery in Puerto Rico and the U. Virgin Islands identified during a Fall roundtable with key stakeholders. Stories from the Field: Hurricane Matthew in Florida. DHEC later conducted recovery outreach to at-risk individuals to assess ongoing recovery needs and level of preparedness, and provide informational resources.
Horahan, K. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics. The authors describe a novel approach to reestablishing connectivity with the electronic health records server for a hospital affected by Superstorm Sandy through resource-sharing of a disaster response asset from a hospital in a neighboring state. Icenogle, M. American Journal of Medical Science. The authors present findings from a qualitative study of participants representing healthcare and social services organizations serving health disparate residents of the Mississippi and Alabama Gulf Coast.
They note that participant organizations have implemented changes to ensure continuity of care for the chronically ill in case of disasters e. Jarrett, M. Journal of Emergency Management. The authors share the experience of a hospital faced with deciding whether to evacuate or shelter in place while in the path of a hurricane two years in a row. An appendix at the end can be used as a planning tool to help other facilities facing similar challenges.
Journal of Emergency Medicine: 16 2 : The authors compare one hospital's experiences deciding between evacuating and sheltering in place before a hurricane in two consecutive years.
They took different approaches each year and the article highlights lessons learned. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. This paper addresses the overarching healthcare status of the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina and their potential impact on other locations across the nation.
Mitchell, L. Lessons Learned from Hurricane Ike. AORN Journal. The authors describe how their hospital system's response plans were revised after Hurricane Rita in anticipation of Hurricane Ike in They note that, despite planning and exercising their plan, there were still a number of lessons learned that could be helpful to other hospitals during future disaster responses.
Office of the Inspector General. The authors surveyed Medicare-certified hospitals located in declared disaster areas in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York during Superstorm Sandy and conducted 10 site visits and collected other types of data. The report describes several cases of flooded hospitals and recommends continued community disaster collaboration. Okie, S. The author discusses the circumstances surrounding the arrest of a physician and two nurses for allegedly euthanizing four elderly patients at Memorial Hospital in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina.
Ramme, A. The authors describe the challenges associated with evacuation of a morbidly obese patient during Superstorm Sandy, and how those challenges influenced the decision not to evacuate the patient, even in the absence of power and running water. Redlener, I. This article discusses lessons learned from the evacuation of two NYC area hospitals in response to Hurricane Sandy in Rosen, Y.
The authors discuss the challenges and benefits of transferring their patients to other hospitals along with their care teams in preparation for, and following Hurricane Sandy. Schreiber, M. Red Cross disaster mental health volunteers used an evidence-based tool called PsySTART to collect data on risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD , depression, and anxiety among survivors at shelters, emergency aid stations, and mobile feeding and community outreach centers.
They found 17, risk factors, with significant differences across survivors in eight counties. They also found survivors with high risk in areas apart from those with the greatest physical damage. Sullivent, E. Journal of Safety Research. Just after Hurricane Katrina, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals to establish an injury and illness surveillance system in functioning hospitals and medical clinics.
Residents were more likely than relief workers to be injured. Texas Hospital Association. The Texas Hospital Association met with hospital representatives from areas affected by Hurricane Harvey and agency partners to discuss experiences prior to, during, and after the storm. This document highlights identified areas for improvement "to better equip hospitals, governmental agencies and other organizations for the next disaster" and outlines how to incorporate next steps.
Tsai, S. The authors examined syndromic surveillance data for emergency department ED visits in New Jersey after Superstorm Sandy in , and compared it to ED visit data during the same time periods the previous year to better understand the effects of the storm on the health of affected individuals. Hurricanes: Health Information Guide. This webpage provides links to hurricanes health-related information and other relevant resources.
This document highlights common post-disaster recovery planning challenges for small and medium-sized healthcare facilities; shares strategies for short- and long-term recovery; and identifies support resources. Information is presented in four categories: financial and legal; operational planning; workforce; and training and testing. Wang, A. This brief article describes the causes of death associated with Hurricane Matthew in It reminds clinicians to consider fungal infections in individuals presenting with necrotizing soft-tissue infections following tornadoes, and to begin treatment as soon as possible in suspected cases.
Chern J. Journal of Neurosurgery. The authors review the clinical courses of 24 patients who suffered cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerve injuries due to the tornadoes that touched down in Alabama in , and the medical responses of the pediatric neurosurgical team they were part of. Chiu, C. Mortality from a Tornado Outbreak, Alabama, April 27, The authors examined the demographics of the decedents from the tornado outbreak in Alabama on April 27, and found that females and older adults were at highest risk for tornado-related deaths.
The authors stressed the importance of local community shelters and messaging to inform residents of shelter locations ; encouragement of word-of-mouth warnings; and personal and family preparedness planning with a focus on helping vulnerable population members take shelter. Daley, W. American Journal of Epidemiology. On May 3, , powerful tornadoes, including a category F5 tornado, swept through Oklahoma.
The authors examined all tornado-related deaths, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits to identify important risk factors. Forshee-Hakala, B. American Journal of Infection Control. She found a higher incidence of pneumonia cases, particularly those caused by uncommon microbes, in the group of cases that lived or worked in the tornado zone in the year following the Joplin tornado.
She concludes that respiratory infections many increase following tornadoes, and should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, not currently standard practice for community-acquired pneumonia.
Green, J. The authors write that disaster-related wounds contaminated with soil or vegetative matter should be monitored for mucormycosis. Kearns, R. This article details how a mobile hospital was created with Hospital Preparedness Program support in Louisville when a local hospital was deemed a structural loss after a tornado. Neblett Fanfair, R. The authors review data on 13 patients who developed necrotyzing cutaneous mucormycosis, a rare fungal infection, in addition to other injuries sustained form an F-5 tornado.
The authors share risk factors, treatment strategies, and other relevant information that can help healthcare providers work with tornado survivors. Niederkrotenthaler, T. The authors analyzed tornado-related injuries seen at hospitals and risk factors for tornado injury, and screened for post-traumatic stress following a statewide tornado-emergency in Alabama in April The majority of injuries were not life-threatening; the most severe injuries affected the head and chest regions.
Porth, L. Missouri Hospital Association. This report describes response and recovery operations by several hospitals during the natural disasters in Missouri, with many implications for COOP planning. It summarizes lessons learned, with a focus on the Joplin tornado. Shin, P. This article describes the planning one health center undertook to secure its data so that it could be accessed after a disaster, and discusses why healthcare information technology must be a priority focus for planning.
The authors advocate for increased federal funding and clear guidelines from federal planning partners in support of physical security, data back-up, and redundancy planning, as well as staff training to support these technology needs. Tornadoes: Health Information Guide. This webpage provides links to tornado and health-related information and other relevant resources.
Watts, J. Pediatric Emergency Care. The authors retrospectively reviewed records on 10 pediatric patients in the trauma registry following the F5 tornado in Joplin, MO to characterize their injuries. They found that traumatic brain injury was the most common diagnosis followed by orthopedic and maxillofacial injuries. Seven patients required surgical procedures in the operating room, and 8 patients were intubated and in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Carballo, M. Daita, S. Impact of the Tsunami on Healthcare Systems. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. The authors describe the effects of the tsunami on medical facilities and systems in 10 countries.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. This article describes the health response to the tsunami that caused nearly , deaths in eight countries on two continents. Information on rapid response, conducting health and needs assessments, and public health surveillance is included. Tsunami-Related Information for Clinicians. This webpage includes general information on the health effects of tsunamis, resources on handling human remains, and links to disaster mental health resources.
This document contains information about the health effects of wildfire smoke, strategies to reduce exposure, and potential public health actions. Links to additional resources are provided throughout the document and in the appendices.
During severe wildfires, Los Angeles County, California, used the emPOWER Emergency Response Outreach Individual Dataset to identify and contact 38 local durable medical equipment and oxygen suppliers serving approximately at-risk individuals to provide information on recovery resources for their clients.
LA County also developed a formal multi-agency LA County-City of LA protocol that rapidly operationalizes data and supports integrated situational awareness, decision-making and action prior to, during, and after an emergency. Krilich, C. What Hospital Leaders Learned from the Wildfire. American Association for Physician Leadership.
This article discusses lessons learned from hospitals in California during the wildfires. The authors credit following an established command structure for incident management as one of the reasons they were able to remain open. They also note the importance of focusing on capacity and staff care during disaster response. Banatin, C. This vulnerability assessment highlights structural, non-structural, and functional elements that must be considered to ensure that a health facility can withstand and remain operational in emergencies.
Earthquake Mitigation for Hospitals. The materials from this workshop can help hospital administrators and facility managers identify opportunities to implement seismic mitigation in their facilities.
Fentem, S. The Joplin tornado decimated St. This article describes how builders designed an addition to a different hospital Mercy, in Festus, MO to withstand storm damage. Builders used window glass that can withstand winds greater than miles per hour; encased power sources in the attic; reinforced stairwells; and built a wall around the perimeter to protect the hospital from floodwater.
This document provides information on the impact of water loss on healthcare facilities, and a series of questions for planners to use to prepare their facilities for water service interruptions. This fact sheet summarizes steps a healthcare facility can take to ensure communication during incident response when normal technologies fail.
Iddona, C. Energy and Buildings. The authors use models to measure the resilience of different medical building types to excessive heat. They found that masonry and Nightingale wards a large room without subdivisions fared better than rooms in light-weight modular buildings.
Krauskopf, R. This page document provides information about three potential levels of protection for hospitals and health facilities from adverse events such as disasters, or performance objectives: life safety, investment protection, and functional protection. Flood Proofing Non-Residential Buildings. This guidance document includes two hospital-specific case studies that illustrate the successful use of floodwalls.
Oregon Health Authority. Oregon Coastal Hospitals Preparing for Cascadia. This report summarizes a project that was conducted to determine the state of preparedness of coastal hospitals in response to a Cascadia earthquake and tsunami, and to assess what is needed to reduce earthquake damage in order to provide sufficient healthcare services following the event.
This objective, data-driven all hazards risk assessment can be used to inform emergency preparedness planning and risk management activities. The toolkit consists of three self-assessment modules allowing healthcare facilities to: identify site-specific threats and hazards; assess site-specific vulnerabilities; and evaluate criticality and consequences.
World Health Organization. This document discusses how to safeguard health facilities from natural disasters, how to retrofit existing facilities, and plan and train for emergencies. This fact sheet highlights lessons learned and strategies for building mitigation and resilience by hospitals that experienced recent earthquakes. Wang, Y. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.
The goal of this project was to evaluate the risk of hospitals and water systems from earthquakes triggered by the Cascadia subduction zone. Human suffering in the area is estimated to be up to 2, people requiring medical aid, up to people requiring hospital care, up to 90 people with life-threatening injuries, and up to fatalities.
This report highlights the risks and prevention and response strategies associated with flood-, earthquake-, and cyclone-related chemical releases. California Association of Health Facilities. Additional information and links are provided at the end of the document. Preparing for a Winter Storm. This website includes a series of small checklists to guide preparation for winter weather.
Considerations for communication, heating, carbon monoxide and smoke detectors, and car supplies are included. Risk Communication Toolkit for Winter Weather.
This toolkit can help local health authorities develop public messaging during periods of extreme cold weather. It includes key messages, sample press releases, factsheets, links to key resources, and sample social media messages for Twitter and Facebook. Joseph's MN Medical Center. Snow Emergency Plan. This document outlines the hospital's plan for " an anticipated or an actual snow storm, the severity or duration, or any combination in which it is necessary.
Weston, B. Blizzard Checklist. Hennepin County Medical Center. This checklist can help healthcare facility staff plan for and respond to major snowstorms i. Arizona Department of Health Services. Extreme Heat Incident Annex. This plan was developed by the Arizona Department of Health Services to address and help limit the adverse public health effects from excessive heat.
It identifies conditions or events that would trigger activation of the emergency response plan, and provides a framework for coordinating efforts with other agencies that provide services to at-risk populations.
The plan also includes a list of prevention and educational resources that can help mitigate heat-health adverse effects and deaths. This guide provides local health officials and public information officers with information on health impacts of extreme heat events, decision-support tools, and useful resources for prevention of heat-related illnesses.
Heat Wave Plans. Related Topic Collection: Natural Disasters. Author Redacted. Extreme Heat Response Plan. This extreme heat response plan can be downloaded and tailored by a local jurisdiction. Contingency Plan for Excessive Heat Emergencies. This plan is based on three phases of activation: seasonal readiness, heat alert, and heat emergency.
These checklists can help mental health service providers identify consumers and vulnerable residents at highest risk for heat-related illnesses. Heat Plan. This document outlines the East Central Regional Hospital's plans for extreme heat situations. It includes response actions by title e. The plan also includes a list of preventive measures, symptoms and treatment, and a weather index chart that lists steps to follow by temperature level. Health Canada. This toolkit can help health communicators charged with developing or updating heat-health communication strategies, and features strategies for reaching specific audiences.
This toolkit can help local health authorities develop public messaging during periods of extreme heat. It includes key messages, talking points, sample press releases, fact sheets, sample social media messages for Twitter and Facebook, and links to related information in English and Spanish. Heat Checklist. Community upheaval, such as that seen in Ferguson, Mo. News reports and the hour news cycle can make people even more anxious when these kinds of events occur.
The Disaster Distress Helpline provides immediate crisis counseling to people affected by traumatic events. SAMHSA also has a number of resources for people affected by the Ebola outbreak and incidents of community unrest, including:. Learn more about these issues and find more disaster-related resources at Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. To sign up for updates or to access your subscriber preferences, please enter your contact information.
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